Attention

Dealing With Injustice: Swallowing Poison Pills


There is almost nothing more frustrating than someone taking advantage of you. I was reminded of this yesterday when I boarded a bus and received improper change. I didn’t notice until I was back in my seat and started obsessing about the injustice. Then I sat back and realized that the bus driver may have just made a mistake. Moreover, he probably hasn’t given it a second thought since it happened — why am I punishing myself for his offense. Is it really worth ruining my day stewing over the loss of 50 cents?

What I’ve come to realize is that these kinds of thoughts are like poison pills. You don’t chose to take one, but if you accidentally swallow one and let it digest, you only hurt yourself. If you decide someone has done something offensive and focus on it, it will consume your mind. Your emotions create a reinforcing vicious cycle with your thoughts.

It is better to reject the pill; vomit it up for your own well-being. Unfortunately, forcing yourself to vomit is not an easy thing to do. Neither is ceasing to think about an offense you’ve received. If you don’t, however, the effects spread and the toll is greater. If it fully develops into bitterness, you might live with it for a very long time.

Offenses happen all the times in our lives. Most are easily forgotten, but when you feel that someone took advantage of you, you really have to fight to not digest the poison. If there is nothing to be done and the cost is minor, it’s better to swallow our pride, let God take vengeance, and not give it another thought.

Where Chocolate Goes to Die

Perhaps no one is like my wife and me, but we have a place in our pantry where chocolate goes to die. Actually, for quite some time, we had a place where all snack food would go to die. We would eat most of a particular snack food, but then since no one wanted to finish it (because then we wouldn’t have any more), it would get placed in a particular pantry that I called “The Snack Graveyard”. Turns out this is a fairly common human trait.

The New York Times had an article on this tendency: Carpe Diem? Maybe Tomorrow. They say:

Once you start procrastinating pleasure, it can become a self-perpetuating process if you fixate on some imagined nirvana. The longer you wait to open that prize bottle of wine, the more special the occasion has to be.

Unfortunately, we overestimate the pleasure we will get from big enjoyable experiences. We are better off enjoying small pleasures throughout our life: eating a nice chocolate, buying a nice smelling soap, or splurging on nice dinner out. The sum of these will exceed the pleasure we get from buying a new house or a new car. So instead of procrastinating a small pleasure, consider whether now is a good time to savor life.

How Good Are You?

I’m fascinated by the various ways that we incorrectly perceive the world around us.  For instance, I recently read about a cognitive fallacy that I like because I have experienced it’s truth: People who are beginners in a field tend to overestimate their ability in that field because they don’t have enough knowledge to know just how little they actually know.

Personally, I would love to be able to create better illustrations using a vector art tool.  Seems simple enough, until you realize that seeing computer art is way easier than constructing computer art. Ignorance is bliss, but in the case of this fallacy it can quickly cause people to get in over their heads.  When I saw this chart, I thought it was a wonderful and hilarious illustration of this exact concept (from the DataViz blog):

It’s important to remember that as we assess our abilities or our knowledge that we don’t know how much we don’t know. Especially at the beginning, we are not the best judges of how good we are.  Experience makes a huge difference.

Can you hear me NOW?

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What about NOW?

Ever felt annoyed hearing the person on the subway or at the table next to you say this into their cell phone? Ultimately, talking on cell phones in public places has become a shunned activity, but I’ve always wondered why this is so annoying to us?

In pondering this question, I’ve come up with two possible explanations:

The first is that we can’t hear the whole conversation. When people talk in public, we eavesdrop, even if not intentionally. We hear the statement and the response — all is well. When someone is talking into a cell phone, it creates a mental hole in the conversation. Mental holes are things that draw our attention and so even when we don’t want to, our brain continues to seek answers to questions that we will never be answered. This makes it very hard for us to ignore and pay attention to something else. Moreover, at random times, some person next to you starts saying something to no one in particular, drawing our attention only to see a blue light blinking from their ear. As one of my friends told me, it’s getting a lot harder to tell the mentally ill from the normal people in San Francisco, since someone talking agitatedly to themselves may just be talking into a bluetooth headset.

The second is that it creates artificial entries into an environment that break the illusion of connectedness and solidarity that groups of people otherwise have. I think this is a minor effect compared to the first, and perhaps is related to it. We don’t feel like we belong in the conversation or are being excluded. It starts to break the group up and we don’t like this intrusion into our space.

There are analogies to this in the business or relationship world.  If our interactions with them feel as though we are talking to no one in particular or are posing questions by our actions that are never resolved, we not only don’t connect to our customers, we disenfranchise them.

Perhaps there are other reasons why this is annoying, I’d be interested in your feedback. If you have ideas, leave a comment below.

Affection Grows with Familiarity

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Ever tried designing a website, logo, or essay and found that the longer you worked on it the more you liked the result? Ever heard a song once and thought, wow that was good, but the tenth time was even better? Why does watching the 5th episode of a television show give us more enjoyment than the first.

In the last blog entry I mentioned the “Flow Diagram” and I believe this explains some of our fascination with things that are familiar. At the beginning, they are completely new to us and we have little associate with them (or little skill considering them), with time however, our appreciation for them increases and meets well with the complexity of the song or design. It’s fascinating, novel, but comprehensible. If we continue to expose ourselves to the same stimulae however, we cross over into becoming bored with it (i.e. the three hundredth time you hear a good song on the same radio station).

When they were designing the show “Blue’s Clues”, they found that children appreciated repetition (as I think any with a young child know implicitly). So the same episode of “Blue’s Clues” airs every day for a solid week. The enjoyment of the children increases as they understand more and more. They are able to guess the answers to the questions correctly and that self reinforcing cycle gives pleasures.

I had thought that maybe this was true for children, but it’s not true for adults. Now I think that it’s only half true for adults. We gain a huge amount of satisfaction in being right too and we gain a lot of pleasure when we are repeated to some complex stimuli that requires cognition. Consider the enjoyment one receives going to the Louvre when they are studied in art, or the appreciation one has for an excellent cup of coffee when they roast their own coffee beans.

This concept is important for all leaders to understand. Some great ideas, when first mentioned, will be received with a mediocre response and need time and some repetition for everyone to resonate to. At the same time, being familiar with something can easily lull us into apathy about making it better. As Scott Tipton, one of the best managers I’ve ever worked for, taught me: When you first move into a house, you notice a light switch that is backward, but you only have a few weeks to fix it. After those first few weeks, it becomes normal. The same is true in taking over a new organization or business, there is a limited amount of time that you will notice the things that are not right and need to be fixed. After a certain period of time, the familiarity will breed apathy and perhaps affection for something that should really not be there.

The Pursuit of Flow

Flow Graph

Click for a bigger version.

In the last few weeks, I’ve come across this idea in several different forms and thought it was worth capturing and sharing. Along the X axis, is your ability or skill level. Along the Y axis, is the degree of challenge or difficulty of the task you are trying to accomplish. When we don’t have the skills and the task is too hard, we become frustrated. When the task is too easy and we have more skills than we are using, we become bored. Where the two are in alignment, we experience flow. This is where we pay rapt attention to the things around us because our skills are matched by the challenges that the task provides. Classically, this shows up in video games where the beginning is simple and matches the skills that you have gained up to that point, but as you continue things get harder.

The application of this goes far beyond video games however, and is useful in considering the tasks and challenges that we undertake in life. We are most engrossed when our jobs or hobbies match up well with the skills that we have and the challenges they provide. It also means that to stay engrossed, we need to continue to seek out greater challenges as we improve our skills.

The Original Ambient Intimacy – Meeting Face To Face

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Over the last week, I spent some time meeting with both our clients and colleagues in person.  I’ve long thought that meeting in person is the only way to have a truly good working relationship with people .  However, I have long had a hard time enumerating the benefits to people – something that budget crunches tend to shut down as being an “extra” expense.  During this last week, I codified a better explanation for why these meetings are important and it relates to a term now bantered about in the social media context – Ambient Intimacy – which I consider to really be more about understanding the context that our colleagues live in.

First, consider what happens when you meet someone in person:  Yes, you have meetings to talk about issues, concerns, exchange information, etc.  These are all things you could do if you were on the phone.  What happens when the meeting ends?  You collect your gear, they collect theirs.  You see what kind of gear they are collecting.  You see how they carry themselves as they go back to their offices, who they talk to, how they talk to them, and how they work.  All of these things provide context to the person that is not obtainable in really any other way. This context is what you use to interpret their actions and motives when you are working with them.

Second, we’ve all heard about the importance of hallway conversations (those conversations that take place before and after a meeting).  We always envision the profound comments that people are making about the topic that was just brought up in the meeting (there is no doubt this happens and is valuable), but most of the hall way conversations are NOT deep work changing conversations.  They are about the latest hack to the Kindle, or who won that big game last night, or what someone thinks of their new netbook.  These don’t add any direct value toward some new company initiative, but they do provide a depth of context about who the people are that you are working with.

Finally, consider the alternative to face-to-face: phone calls and email.  When was the last time you sent an email or called a colleague whom you have never met in person to ask them something that was totally unrelated to the purpose of your call.  Okay, so maybe you asked them how their spouse was, but did you really have much context to ask more? Phone and email are far too directed as a medium of communication – we do them to serve some purpose.  Once we’ve established a friendship with someone, then those medium can be used to extend the context we already have, but rarely if ever is it used in a professional setting to establish a relationship. However, this very same type of conversation by the coffee machine at the office is not only acceptable, but expected.  This is where relationships are built.

Making matters worse, if you are spending time with someone and trying to work toward some mutual goal, you are going to have friction and disagreements and often you will strive to resolve these over the phone or email.  This is where having context paints a much richer portrait of the person you are interacting with and allows you to interpret their comments in what you know about them; however, during times of distress, people respond differently and if all you know is what it looks like when you disagree with a person, you will build your own context of the person, and it won’t be pretty. This creates an anti-working relationship and can frustrate the mutual goal that you both have.

We live in a world with increasing globalization, where seeing people and gathering together can be a challenge.  Perhaps this is one of the reasons that the ambient intimacy afforded by Twitter or Facebook can be invaluable to building the context around people that let us have more meaningful interactions with them when we are working together on some problem.  This provides a virtual equivalent to many of the kinds of things one can observe by meeting someone in person, but in my opinion, they still fall short of the original ambient intimacy – being together.

Confirmation Bias Fail

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This summer, my wife and I traveled to Columbia. On our way from Medellin to Bogota, we showed up at the Medellin airport with plenty of time. The airport was closed down (no flights it seemed) due to massive amounts of fog and I made several assumptions:

  1. The plane hasn’t arrived yet from Bogita yet so it will be late, and so will we.
  2. There are not flights on the board, therefore there are no planes flying.
  3. The time on the TV indicates that it’s still 20 minutes till our flight so we don’t need to go through security yet.

These were all revealed as incorrect:

  1. The plane was already here and would take off as soon as the fog cleared
  2. The flight board was broken so no flights were shown
  3. The TV was playing something that was on a time-delay and so the clock was wrong

I was pacified by these expectations and as a result was sipping coffee and taking time getting through security since I knew we were going to have to wait. My wife was desiring to get through security and so we finally did, only to find that they had closed our gate and our plane was backing away from the gate – the fog had cleared.

This resulted, of course, in my wife having to help renegotiate getting on the next flight (which, thanks to God, we were fortunately able to), but the arrogance of my conclusions lead to costing some consumables that were not worth the experiment (my wife’s patience and trust being one – we both had to get up very early to catch the flight), all for not wanting to try to fail sooner (and be found out wrong when I asked an official for their response).

This example also reveals a well known human bias.  We look for things that confirm our conclusions (called the confirmation bias). When we create a theory of understanding about the world around us, we seek to justify that theory with data that supports it rather than looking for data that proves it to be wrong.  This natural tendency can lead us into some very incorrect conclusions that can lead to mistakes that should have been avoided.

A classic example of this is the request for people to describe a sequence of numbers.  A sample sequence is given below, and then they are able to provide additional sequences to come to an understanding of the rules that make up the pattern.  The sample sequence is:

1 3 5 7 9 11

Most will guess at additional ending 11, 13, 15 etc and be found correct.  They might say this describes the series of odd numbers, until they were told that 2, 4, 6, 8 is also a valid series by the rules as is: 1, 2, 13086342, 2000000000.  The rule is that the numbers have to be in increasing order.  It’s very rare for people to try to find a case where the rule is not met, they ask questions that confirm their conclusion.

When we make decisions about the world around us, we need to remember that we have a confirmation bias and recognize that this can effect our conclusions.  If we seek to prove ourselves wrong (particularly in areas where there is something at stake – missing a flight for example), we can avoid costly mistakes.

Finding a Job in a Recession

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Right now the job market is tough. Like most businesses trying to get attention (and subsequently money) from an increasingly attention and cash poor consumer, job seekers are trying to seek the attention (and subsequent employment) from an increasingly conservative group of businesses.

Sometime ago, I came across this presentation: “Recession Proof Graduate” which I think has lessons both for job seekers and businesses that are looking to find greater acceptance.  Getting people’s attention is the first step to further business.  Once you have it, you’ve got to maintain it and cultivate the relationship.

What Do You Dwell On?

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On a recent business trip, our CEO connected with a friend and shared some of the challenges that he has recently gone through. The friend shared that when he was going through a very difficult time in his life, he read an article that “changed his life”. As he recounted the content of the article, I recalled the exact same concept covered in the book “Rapt” recently discussed. It is indeed good advice.

When we have bad things happen to us in life, a loss, an offense, a mistake, we replay it in our minds over and over again. Each time hoping for insight that we didn’t have on the last go around, the result is that it negatively effects our emotions, and as a result, we spend even more time thinking about it – a vicious cycle. The suggestion of the article was to stop dwelling on those things – to genuinely let them go. Focusing on them only creates bad patterns of thought and leads to more negative emotions. Not only that but it affects the things we focus on in the rest of our life.  Our scope is more narrowed rather than seeing the bigger picture.

We can’t always control how we feel, but we can control what we dwell on.